Excerpts from
Dr.V.Raghavan's article titled 'muttuswAmi dikshitar'
Journal of the
music academy
We might appropriately begin with the high conception of music that Dikshitar had.It is
well-known that Tyagaraja has expressly voiced forth the philosophy of music in several
Kritis of his.Suchreferences are not wanting in Dikshitar's Kritis.That Divinity is itself an
embodiment of Nada, that God is the prime promulgator of music, that as Siva, Krishna
or Devi,Divinity is always revelling in Sama-gana, Venu or Vina, that Pranava is the
quintessence of Nada and source of all music, that there is nothing that God loves more
than the nectar of Nada,—is conveyed by Dikshitar not infrequently in his Kritis.In the
Ratipriya piece,mAraratipriyam he describes God as the embodiment of
Bhava,Raga and tAla bhAvarAgatAlasvarUpakam
In the Vamshavati Kriti, Vamshavati Shivayuvati
, Devi is addressed as embodying in Herself the twentytwo Srutis and the Svaras ,
dvAvimshat shruti svara svarUpiNi.In ShrI dum durge in Shriranjani, the Goddess is said to have
attained oneness with Svaras and music - svara samgIta laye.In gauri
girirAjakumAri in Gauri, Devi is said to be the
Pranava which is the sonant imagevAchaka of the nAdaBrahman
nAda brahma vAcakatAre.
The two breasts of the Mother that sustain the whole world are sweet song and
poetry sarasa samgItasAhitya sthanadvayayA in the anupallavi of the Chayagaula piece on
the Goddess of arts. That the goal to be attained by the practice of melody and rhythm
is Godhead is seen in the description of abhayAmbika as the 'gati' or goal of Nada and Laya
in the Kedaragaula piece on that Goddess. That no greater Puja can be thought of
than the offer of song is seen in ShriguruNA in Padi where the nectar of Nada is described as the
best pAdya to be offered to God. It is God who gave us this precious lore of music -
gAna vidyA pradeshvara in pAlaya mAm on BrihadIshvara of Tanjore in nAyaki.The
vINA-vAdana, which YaJnavalkya referred to as an easier sadhana for moksha and which
Shiva in his Vina-Dakshinamurti-form taught before He sought to teach in his
Yoga
Dakshinamurti form, is mentioned in the
song in Phenadyuti on Dakshinamurti , 'vallakI
nAdAnubhava modam'.
Both Shiva and Devi are described as. the repositories of the Sangita Shastra in the
Tiruvarur piece on Chandrasekhara in Marga Hindola
and in the devaranji song Namaste
paradevate - samgIta shAstrAdi saMyutamand samgIta
shAstrayukte.It is the Lord that spread the art of dance and music through different sage-teachers - mAruti
nandyarjunAdi bharatAcAryaiH Avedita nartana sphUrte in the bilahari piece on
Hatakeshvara at Tiruvarur and in the devi song in rasamanjari matanga bharatavEdinIm.
Shiva as the expounder of the different aspects of vocal and instrumental music
and the poses of tANDava dance cannot be missed in the Kedara kriti - samgItavAdya
vinoda tANDava jAta bahutara bheda codyam.That in its different
forms Divinity revels in music in different forms
is to be found in a number of Kritis
in sAdhujana vinutam in Gitapriya
on Guha ; Chandrasekhara loves the eighteen Vadyas but especially
so the Suddhamaddala,peculiar to Tiruvarur temple - aShtAdashavAdyAdi priyam ,
atishuddhamaddalavAdyapriyam
In Devi, object
of Dikshitar's regular worship, the composer had
a deity who was Herself the presiding deity of music - sangIta-ShyAmala as he
refers to her in his Sanskrit substitute for the English' National Anthem. She could not
be contemplated without the Vina; through it She is expounding the true form of the
ten gamakas not only in Her own playing, but in the music of
others too. mANikyavallakIpANi in the beautiful
Varali piece on mInAkshi; navamANikyavallakIvAdini in the nIilambari
piece on Nilayatakshi; vINAvAdana dashagamaka kriye in the other well-known Minakshi
song;
She is delighting and expressing Her
appreciation by nodding Her head: sAmagAna shiraH
kampini in Nilotpalamba in Ritigaula ; sAmagAnalole in a Kamakshi
piece in Saugandhini raga and vINAbheri veNuvAdyAdi vinodini Abheri; bhAva rAga
tAla modinIm (bhaja
re re citta)muralI vINA gAna vinodini (SharAvati); gAnalole
(in Gaurivelavali)
dundubhi vAdya nAda bheda nAdavinodini (shrI dum durge) bhAva rAga
tAla vishvAsinI
(in both pancAshaTpITharUpiNi in Devagandhara
and abhayAmba in Kalyani);
samgIta sAhitya sAraGNAnnute in a Malavasri
piece relating to Shrivanchyam.
It follows that according to these composers, Dikshitar,
Tyagaraja and the like, the fit object
of
adoration by the art of music is God Himself and no mortal
being, however eminent he may
be. If to Tyagaraja,
the Rasika-siromani to enjoy his songs is Rama
Himself, to Dikshitar also
the enjoyer
par excellence of his music is Divinity itself.In vATIvasanta bhairavi, Prasanna
Venkateshvara is described
as the rasika-shekhara;
in the kamalamba navavarana kritis
Devi figures as the Sangita rasika (Todi and Punnagavarali
songs) and in the rasamanjari
piece,
GuruGuha is referred to as rasika pungava. Dikshitar
says in his mayamalavagaula
piece 'Shrinathadiguruguho
Jayati Jayati'
which is deemed to be his dedicatory song
"Guruguha the Lord is seated in my Sahasrara-Lotus and is drinking the nectar of my sweet
music" mAmakasahasra kamalAsInO mAdhuryagAnAmR^itapAnaH